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Basic Operation Data Base

Basic Operation Data Base
In a disk, the database can be created and can also be eliminated. In a disk, we can also put some (more than one) database. While in a database we can put one or more files / tables. In the file / table is in fact the data is stored / placed.
A general database created to represent a specific universe of data. For example databases of personnel, academic databases, inventory databases (warehousing) and so on. In academic databases, for example, we can put the files of subjects, teachers' files, schedule files, the file value and so on.
Therefore, the basic operations we can do regarding the databases may include:
- Creating a new database (create database) which is identical to the creation rasip new cabinet.
- Elimination of the database (drop database) which is identical with the destruction rasip closet.
- Making the file / new table to a database (create table), identical with the addition of new file folder.
- Elimination of the file / table from a database (drop table).
- Addition / new data charging to a file / table in a database.
- Retrieving data from a file / table.
- Changing the data from a file / table.
- Elimination of data from a file / table.

Operations relating to the making of the object (and database tables) is an initial operation performed only once and applies onwards, while the operations associated with filling the table is the routine operations carried out repeatedly and therefore operations This represents a more appropriate management activities (Management) and processing (processing) data in the database.
Destination Database
It was mentioned that the main purpose of the database pengelolaaan in a database is that we can rediscover our search ynag data easily and quickly. A more complete utilization of the database is to fulfill some purpose (objective) such as:
1. The speed and ease (speed)
Utilization of the database allows us to be able to save data or make changes / manipulation of data or display the returned data faster and easier, than we store data manually (non electronic).
2. Storage Space Efficiency (Space)
Because of close linkages between groups in the database, then the redundancy (repetition) of data must always be there. With databases, the efficiency / optimalisai use of storage space can be done because we can do emphasis the amount of data redundancy, either apply a number of encoding or creating relationships (in the form of files) between groups of interconnected data.
3. Accuracy (Accuracy)
Utilization of the coding or the formation of relationships between the data together with the application of rules / constraints (constraints) data type, data domain, the uniqueness of the data and the like which can be applied strictly in a database, it is useful to suppress the inaccuracies / data storage.
4. Availability (Availability)
The growth of data over time will increasingly require large storage space. And not all the data we always use / need. Hence, we can perform sorting of data, so the data we use is rare that we can move into the storage media off-line. On the other hand, because the interests of data usage, a database may have data spread across many geographic locations. For example, a bank customer data separated and stored in separate locations in accordance with the presence of customers. With the use of computer network technology, data residing in a location / branch, can also be accessed (to be available / avaible) for other locations.
5. Completeness (Completeness)
To accommodate the needs of the completeness of data is growing, so we are not only able to add data records, but also can make changes in database structure, both in the addition of new objects (tables) or by the addition of new field-filed at a table.
6. Security (Security)
There are a number of systems (applications) database managers that do not implement the security aspects in a database. But for a large system and serious, security aspects can also be applied strictly. That way, we can determine no one (user) is allowed to use its database objects in it and determine the types of operations what to do.
7. Togetherness Usage (Sharebility)
The user database is often not limited to one user only, or in one location only by a single application system. Employee data in the personnel database, for example, can be used by many users, from a number of departments within the company or by multiple systems (payroll systems, accounting systems, inventory systems and so on). The database is managed by the system (application) which supports multiuser environments will be able to meet this need, but still with maintaining / avoid the emergence of new problems such as data inconsistencies (due to the same data can be modified by many users at a time bers0amaan) or a deadlock condition ( because many users wait for each other to use the data)

Database Application

Database Application
Almost perangakat in all aspects of computer use in an organization is always associated with the database. Computing devices are usually used to perform the function of Management Information Systems, which today has become a necessity, in order to improve efficiency, competitiveness, kekuratan, organizations operating speed. And the database is one of the main components in each system information. There is no information system can be created / executed without any database.
In more technical areas of common yan has used the database for efficiency, accuracy and speed of operation include:

�� Officer, for a variety of companies that have many employees.
�� warehousing (inventory), for manufacturing firms (manufacturers), wholesalers (resellers), pharmacies, etc..
�� Accounting for various companies.
�� Reservation, for hotels, planes, trains, etc. APAI
�� customer service (customer care), to companies associated with bnayaknya customers (banks, consultants, etc.)
Are forms of organization that uses the database (as a component information system) can be:
�� Banking, in conducting customer data management / data saving / borrowing, making accounting reports, accounting, customer information services / prospective customers.
�� Insurance, in conducting customer data management / data premium payments, processing insurance claims filing, etc..
�� Hospital, in managing the disease history / treatment pasen, handling maintenance payments.
�� Goods Manufacturers, in managing the data in and out, of goods (inventory).
�� manufacturing industry, in order to help the management of goods, managing employee data.
�� Education / schools, in helping students pengelola0an data, scheduling.
�� Telecommunications, in doing administration data cable management / customer data, etc. to handle noise.

select (oracle)

One of the most important syntax in SQL is select. Select function to display the data in the tables contained in the database. This is where there are many differences between regular SQL and Oracle SQL. Oracle lot summarizes syntax into simpler syntax although also remain memerima oracle SQL strandar.

SELECT
[tb1].[nama_kolom1],
[tb2].[nama_kolom2], . . .
FROM
[nama_tabel1] [tb1],
[nama_tabel2] [tb2]
WHERE
[kondisi_join]
[operator_boolean] [kondisi_select]
ORDER BY [nama_kolom_order]
GROUP BY [nama_kolom_group];

Description:
tb: Alias of [nama_tabel1]
nama_kolom: Name columns to display
kondisi_join: If the FORM clause there are two or more tables then there should be this condition is menjoinkan table-table in clause
operator_boolean: operator-like kondisi_join operator for AND and OR
kondisi_select: Conditions addition to perfecting this SELECT operation. Usually using comparison operations, such as:>, <,> =, <=, BETWEEN, <>
nama_kolom_order: SELECT results to the sort by the nama_kolom.
nama_kolom_group: SELECT Results to nama_kolom classified based. So all the records of the same value will be issued only one record only. Noteworthy is that all fields must be in the SELECT GROUP BY a.

Before clarified with an example is better for us to fill the data for the tables we have made in the article Create Table "Teaching-Learning System" - (Analysis & Design). Script to fill in the data please download it here.

1. Displaying all students with grade I sorted by student name.

SELECT
NAMA,
ALAMAT
FROM
TEST.MURID
WHERE
KELAS_ID = ‘I’ /*[kondisi_select]*/
ORDER BY NAMA, NIS; /*[nama_kolom_order]*/

2. Displaying the teachers who teach biology.

SELECT
g.NIG,
b.NAMA
FROM
TEST.GURU g,
TEST.BELAJAR b
WHERE
g.NIG = b.NIG /*[kondisi_join]*/
AND b.KODE_MP = ‘DA0007′ /*[kondisi_select]*/
GROUP BY g.NIG, g.NAMA; /*[nama_kolom_group]*/

Insert, Update, Delete (Oracle)

Standard operation is a database insert, delete and update. The three so-called DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. SQL is a standard language for database processing. Of course, any use Oracle-SQL, only a few characteristics that differ from standard SQL.

Once we started discussing the "Try-try" Oracle, then we have a separate user is a user named TEST. Please go to your page or in Oracle XE to SQL + (if you install another version of the oracle, for example: 8i, 9i, 10g, and you also must enter hostring / tnsnames your database) and login with the user, namely:

User TEST
Password test

INSERT

Insert is used to enter data into a table in the user (schema) specific. Insert syntax can be written as follows:

INSERT INTO [nama_user].[nama_table]

([nama_kolom1], [nama_kolom2], . . .)

VALUES

([nilai1], [nilai2], . . .);

Description:
username: user name or schema name when logged in
nama_tabel: Name of the table contained in the user (schema) is
nama_kolom: Name of the column that will contain the data in [nama_tabel]
value: The value that will be filled in [nama_kolom], eg: [value1] will be populated into the [nama_kolom1], [value2] will be populated into the [nama_kolom2]
UPDATE

Update is used to change the data in a table in the user (schema) based on certain specific conditions. Update syntax can be written as follows:

UPDATE [nama_user].[nama_table]SET

[nama_kolom1] = [nilai1],

[nama_kolom2] = [nilai2],

[nama_kolom3] = [nilai3],

. . .

WHERE

[kondisi_update];

Description:
username: user name or schema name when logged in
nama_tabel: Name of the table contained in the user (schema) is
nama_kolom: Name of the column that will contain the data in [nama_tabel]
value: The value that will be filled in [nama_kolom]
kondisi_update: A condition that the filter (filter) which records all that will be updated
DELETE

Delete is used to delete data on a table in the user (schema) based on certain specific conditions. Delete syntax can be written as follows:

DELETE [nama_user].[nama_table]WHERE

[kondisi_delete];

Description:
username: user name or schema name when logged in
nama_tabel: Name of the table contained in the user (schema) is
kondisi_delete: A condition that the filter (filter) the records to be anywhere in the delete

Before reading the example below, a good idea to read the article first Create Table-Teaching and Learning System - (Analysis & Design). The article will help you to understand the examples given, because the tables used are based on case studies.

Insert:

INSERT INTO TEST.MURID (

NIS,
NAMA,
TGL_LAHIR,
JENIS_KELAMIN,
ALAMAT,
ORTU)

VALUES (

‘000001′,
‘MUKHTARUL UMAM’,
TO_DATE(‘23-04-1993′,‘DD-MM-YYYY’),
‘L’,
‘JL. P. DIPENOGORO, TEGAL’,
‘SULAIMAN’);

Update :


UPDATE TEST.MURID SET

NAMA = ‘MUKHTARUL UMAM SHOLEH’,
TGL_LAHIR = TO_DATE(‘25-04-1993′,‘DD-MM-YYYY’)

WHERE

NIS = ‘000001′;

Delete :


DELETE TEST.MURID

WHERE

NIS = ‘000001′;

NB:

* If you want to change the database kept by the end of each DML syntax to execute COMMIT;
* If you do not want to change the alias stored restored to the end with the execution of a ROLLBACK;
* Any DML syntax in COMMIT that it will not be in

Install Oracle Express on Ubuntu

As a step to prepare theses, today I accidentally leave to install Oracle Express on Ubuntu I am. Since yesterday trying to install it but failed because the package must connect to the Internet to install it.

From the results of the download at www.oracle.com installer package [oracle-xe-universal_10.2.1-1.0_i386.deb] and then right-click the Open With GDebi Package Installer.

Then the menu below



Installer package ready to run.



Get ready to walk Installing package file ....



Installing oracle-xe-universal


TRIGGER ORACLE

Ok yesterday, yesterday I was writing an article about Oracle. And this happened again today belajat about his Oracle trigger. Let trigger more applicable here would not talk about his theory, but what I've tried to make it n cases like this nie .... We had to make three tables of goods, transaction history ma. Now each of us to make transactions in the amount of data tables to update things as well. So let check this out ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER barang

BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON transaksi

FOR EACH ROW

DECLARE

vJum NUMBER(10);

vJum2 NUMBER(10);

vSelisih NUMBER(10);

BEGIN

SELECT jumlah INTO vJum FROM alat WHERE id_barang = :NEW.id_barang;

IF INSERTING THEN

UPDATE alat

SET jumlah = vJum – :NEW.jumlah

WHERE id_barang = :NEW.id_barang;

SELECT jumlah INTO vJum2 FROM alat WHERE id_barang = :NEW.id_barang;

INSERT INTO history (id_barang,tanggal,stock,tipe_transaksi) VALUES(:NEW.id_barang,:NEW.tanggal,vJum2,’Tambah Data’);

ELSIF UPDATING(‘jumlah’) THEN

IF :OLD.jumlah > :NEW.jumlah THEN

vSelisih := :OLD.jumlah – :NEW.jumlah;

UPDATE alat

SET jumlah = vJum + vSelisih

WHERE id_barang = :NEW.id_barang;

SELECT jumlah INTO vJum2 FROM alat WHERE id_barang = :NEW.id_barang;

INSERT INTO history (id_barang,tanggal,stock,tipe_transaksi) VALUES(:NEW.id_barang,:NEW.tanggal,vJum2,’Update Data’);

ELSIF :OLD.jumlah < :NEW.jumlah THEN

vSelisih := :NEW.jumlah – :OLD.jumlah;

UPDATE alat

SET jumlah = vJum – vSelisih

WHERE id_barang = :NEW.id_barang;

SELECT jumlah INTO vJum2 FROM alat WHERE id_barang = :NEW.id_barang;

INSERT INTO history (id_barang,tanggal,stock,tipe_transaksi) VALUES(:NEW.id_barang,:NEW.tanggal,vJum2,’Update Data’);

END IF;

ELSIF DELETING THEN

UPDATE alat

SET jumlah = vJum + :NEW.jumlah

WHERE id_barang = :NEW.id_barang;

INSERT INTO history (id_barang,tanggal,stock,tipe_transaksi) VALUES(:NEW.id_barang,:NEW.tanggal,vJum,’Hapus Data’);

END IF;

EXCEPTION

WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘Data tidak ada’);

END;

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